Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances known, so much so
as to be considered for a possible terrorist use. At the same time, botulinum neurotoxin type …

Sialylation, a crucial post-translational modification of glycoconjugates, entails the
attachment of sialic acid (SA) to the terminal glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the disease botulism, a flaccid paralysis of the muscle.
They are also very effective, widely used medicines applied locally in sub-nanogram …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) rank among the most potent toxins and many of them are
produced by bacteria carrying the orfX gene cluster that also encodes four nontoxic proteins …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most lethal toxins known to humans,
comprising seven established serotypes termed BoNT/A–G encoded in two types of gene …

Highlights•Botulinum neurotoxins are highly potent oral toxins.•The large progenitor
complex of BoNT is a bimodular 14-subunit complex.•NTNHA protects BoNT in the acidic …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) inhibits neurotransmitter release in motor nerve endings,
causing botulism, a condition often resulting from ingestion of the toxin or toxin-producing …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which have been exploited as cosmetics and muscle-
disorder treatment medicines for decades, are well known for their extreme neurotoxicity to …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most poisonous biological substances
known. They assemble with non-toxic non-hemagglutinin (NTNHA) protein to form the …

Abstract Background Lectins, defined as 'Proteins that can recognize and bind specific
carbohydrate structures', are widespread among all kingdoms of life and play an important …