In the natural environment, animals can face potentially dangerous and often regular
exposure to major environmental fluctuations such as flash flooding and drought, or the …

Animals can reduce their uncertainty of predation risk by gathering new information via
exploration behaviour. However, a decision to explore may also be costly due to increased …

Predation exerts a pervasive and unforgiving selection pressure such that it can influence
prey life history, morphology, physiology, and behaviour. The combined effects of climate …

The extent to which prey respond to predation risk may depend upon the level of threat it
perceives. A prey's perception of a threat can also be influenced by the background levels of …

It is well established that aquatic animals inform their neighbours of predation risk through
chemical cues. In this thesis, I tested the hypothesis that stress propagation is a widespread …

Disturbance cues are metabolic byproducts that are argued to function as 'early warning
signals' where both the senders and receivers can benefit from their release. These …

Predation carries a number of non-consumptive ie non-lethal behavioural effects over daily,
seasonal, yearly, and generational time scales through which population-level changes in …

In this fine book, David Owens presents a new theory of causation based on the idea that the
notions of cause and coincidence are intimately related. That there is a link between the …