Background: This overview aimed to characterize the type, development, and use of haptic
technologies for maxillofacial surgical purposes. The work aim is to summarize and evaluate …

Microsurgical techniques have been widely utilized in various surgical specialties, such as
ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology, which require intricate and precise …

Microsurgery is a general term for surgery combining surgical microscope and specialized
precision instruments during operation. Training in microsurgery requires considerable time …

Robotics applied to cranial surgery is a fast-moving and fascinating field, which is
transforming the practice of neurosurgery. With exponential increases in computing power …

The application of the stereoscopic parking robot makes it possible to relieve the pressure of
urban traffic efficiently. With the aggravation of energy and environmental problems, the …

Neuroplasticity allows the human nervous system to adapt and relearn motor control
following stroke. Rehabilitation therapy, which enhances neuroplasticity, can be made more …

Background In recent years, laparoscopic surgical robots have rapidly developed. However,
most focus on the overall robotic systems, with few summaries on the laparoscopic surgical …

A haptic interface recreates haptic feedback from virtual environments or haptic
teleoperation systems that engages the user's sense of touch. High-fidelity haptic feedback …

In the minimally invasive surgical robot system, the surgeon controls the movement of
instruments with master manipulators, which is a typical physical human-robot interaction …

Learning medical gestures requires regular hands-on training to acquire the dexterity
needed to perform them without injuring patients. For obvious ethical reasons, this training …