The pandemic viral illness COVID-19 is especially life-threatening in the elderly and in those
with any of a variety of chronic medical conditions. This essay explores the possibility that …

Afferent and efferent cardiac neurotransmission via the cardiac nerves intricately modulates
nearly all physiological functions of the heart (chronotropy, dromotropy, lusitropy, and …

The autonomic nervous system regulates all aspects of normal cardiac function, and is
recognized to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases. As …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

The catecholamines hypothesis for the acute exercise-cognition interaction in humans fails
to adequately explain the interaction between peripherally circulating catecholamines and …

Dietary fasting markedly influences the distribution and function of immune cells and exerts
potent immunosuppressive effects. However, the mechanisms through which fasting …

A systematic meta-regression analysis of the effects of acute hypoxia on the performance of
central executive and non-executive tasks, and the effects of the moderating variables …

Acute kidney injury is highly prevalent and associated with high morbidity and mortality, and
there are no approved drugs for its prevention and treatment. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) …

Neurogenic hypertension is associated with excessive sympathetic nerve activity to the
kidneys and portions of the cardiovascular system. Here we examine the brain regions that …

C1 neurons, located in the medulla oblongata, mediate adaptive autonomic responses to
physical stressors (for example, hypotension, hemorrhage and presence of …