Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of
organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress …

Commercial turkey production has increased dramatically in recent decades. Along with the
increase in the numbers of turkeys produced, welfare issues have also increased. Major …

Ammonia (NH 3) is a potential health hazard to both humans and animals, causing local and
systemic low-grade inflammation based on its levels and exposure durations. The objective …

Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma proteins that can modify their expression in
response to inflammation caused by tissue injury, infections, immunological disorders or …

There is limited information on the effects of stress and/or physiological manipulation on
either plasma concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) and/or heterophil: lymphocyte (H: L) …

Background Transportation is necessary to introduce new breeds of goats to the farm and
move the adult meat goat from the farm to the slaughterhouse. However, these actions may …

In the modern poultry industry, newly hatched chicks are unavoidably transported from the
hatching to the rearing foster. Stress caused by multiple physical and psychological …

The expression level of acute phase proteins (APPs) mirrors the health status of an
individual. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other members of the …

Global egg production is mainly based on cage systems, which have been associated with
negative effects on the welfare of birds. Stress factors in restrictive production systems can …

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of heat stress (HS) on physiological,
blood biochemical, and energy metabolism in Dazu black goats. Six wether adult Dazu …