This review identifies empirical facts about lobbying that are generally agreed upon in the
literature. It then discusses challenges to empirical research in lobbying and provides …

Standardisation is key to shaping new technologies and supporting major ongoing trends,
such as the increased importance of platforms, developing 'smart'technologies and …

As world economies and organizations transform to minimize, mitigate, and neutralize their
environmental impact and adapt for environmental sustainability, industrial and …

Starting from the observation that the European Union now possesses many of the attributes
of modern political systems, Hix and Høyland take an innovative approach to analysing …

The European Commission is at the center of the European Union's political system. Within
its five-year terms each Commission proposes up to 2000 binding legal acts and therefore …

How much influence do interest groups have on policy outcomes in the European Union
(EU)? This question is highly relevant for both debates on the democratic legitimacy of the …

In their pursuit of political influence, interest groups face the choice to contact policy elites
directly or to generate pressure indirectly by appealing to the public at large. This article …

While there is broad consensus that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) sometimes
succeed in influencing policy making within international organizations (IOs), there is much …

We outline a conceptual framework that identifies and characterizes the contextual nature of
interest group politics in the European Union (EU) to better understand variation in interest …

Business lobbying is widespread in the European Union (EU). But because not all lobbying
is successful, the following question arises: When does business win and when does it lose …