The treatment and recovery of bio-wastes have raised considerable attention both from the
environmental and economic point of view. Every year, a remarkable amount of fish …

The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues
to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling …

Organic debris in the form of fish bone wastes account to several thousand tons annually. In
recent years, researchers have turned attention towards the bioconversion of organic debris …

Implant materials must mimic natural human bones with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity
and mechanical stability to successfully replace damaged or disease-affected bones …

Utilization of bone graft substitutes have increased due to the rising number of accidents,
trauma, and aging population. Autograft is still considered as a gold standard for treating …

Abstract Synthetic hydroxyapatite {HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2} is a bioactive and
biocompatible material widely used in healthcare for bone implants and grafts, due to its …

Marine hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring mineral present in the skeletal structures of
various marine organisms, including fish bones, shells, and corals. This biogenic form of …

Bone cement is one of the materials used in orthopaedics that serves various functions, such
as binding bone implants, replacing damaged bones and filling spaces within bones …

In recent years, there is a great interest in finding new and safe bioactive compounds from
natural sources for their use in foods and medicinal materials to replace synthetic …

Urbanization, industry, as well as population increase have all accelerated, producing a
significant amount of waste. Waste produced by fish waste degrades the ecosystem. HAp …