Background: Stimulated by both microbial and endogenous ligands, toll-like receptors
(TLRs) play an important role in the development and progression of renal diseases …

In lupus, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 mediate loss of tolerance to RNA and DNA,
respectively. Yet, TLR7 promotes disease, while TLR9 protects from disease, implying …

Innate immunity, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, is an ancient form of
host defense found in all animals, from sponges to humans. During infection, innate immune …

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection disrupts the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota,
causing an intestinal inflammatory response and posing a great threat to human and animal …

The global increase in autoimmunity, together with the emerging autoimmune-related side
effects of cancer immunotherapy, have furthered a need for understanding of immune …

The discovery of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous
nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into …

To explore the relationships between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the activation and
differentiation of T-cells in Takayasu's arteritis (TAK), using real-time fluorescence …

Circulating microvesicles (MVs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
express the type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible protein galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) …

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of
toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene …

One of the most important features of innate immunity is the presence of a special group of
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) called toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize …