Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an
interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors …

Candida organisms commonly colonize the human gastrointestinal tract as a component of
the resident microbiota. Their presence is generally benign. Recent studies, however, show …

Intracellular lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Burkholderia thailandensis activates mouse …

IL-17–mediated immunity has emerged as a crucial host defense mechanism against fungal
infections. Although Th cells are generally thought to act as the major source of IL-17 in …

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a frequent cause of morbidity in patients with defects in cell-
mediated immunity or saliva production. Animal models of this infection are important for …

Candida sp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens that colonize the skin and oral cavity and,
when overgrown under permissive conditions, cause inflammation and disease. Previously …

Candida spp. are commensal organisms of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal
tract, blood, and vagina of animals and humans. In recent decades, the incidence of human …

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans, is
an opportunistic infection associated with infancy, AIDS, and IL-17–related primary …

Candida albicans, a ubiquitous commensal fungus that colonizes human mucosal tissues
and skin, can become pathogenic, clinically manifesting most commonly as oropharyngeal …

Background The concept that a strong inflammatory response involving the full complement
of cytokines and other mediators is critical for unimpaired healing has been challenged by …