Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a distinct lineage of cells of the adaptive immune system
indispensable for forestalling fatal autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. The role of …

Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells
and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine …

IL-2 was first identified as a growth factor capable of driving the expansion of activated
human T cell populations. In the more than 40 years since its discovery, a tremendous …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), the first cytokine that was molecularly cloned, was shown to be a T cell
growth factor essential for the proliferation of T cells and the generation of effector and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of
immune tolerance and sustained production of autoantibodies. Multiple and profound T cell …

The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense
mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells …