Male reproductive development is intricately dependent on fetal androgen action.
Consequently, disrupted androgen action during fetal life can interfere with the development …

The high incidence of low sperm counts in young (European) men and evidence for
declining sperm counts in recent decades mean that the environmental/lifestyle impact on …

Becoming a phenotypic male is ultimately determined by androgen-induced
masculinization. Disorders of fetal masculinization, resulting in hypospadias or …

Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a
specific “masculinization programming window.” Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies …

Reproductive disorders of newborn (cryptorchidism, hypospadias) and young adult males
(low sperm counts, testicular germ cell cancer) are common and/or increasing in incidence …

BACKGROUND Understanding the physiology of pregnancy enables effective management
of pregnancy complications that could otherwise be life threatening for both mother and …

The testis presents a special immunological environment, considering its property of
immune privilege that tolerates allo-and auto-antigens. Testicular immune privilege was …

We have shown previously that deficient androgen action within a masculinization
programming window (MPW; e15. 5–e18. 5 in rats) is important in the origin of male …

Sertoli cells regulate differentiation and development of the testis and are essential for
maintaining adult testis function. To model the effects of dysregulating Sertoli cell number …

Phthalate esters are high production volume chemicals used to impart flexibility to polyvinyl
chloride products as well as other applications. In the male laboratory rat, the period of …