Cellular changes that are linked to aging in humans include genomic instability, telomere
attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and altered …

Interferons (IFNs) are multifaceted proteins that play pivotal roles in orchestrating robust
antiviral immune responses and modulating the intricate landscape of host immunity. The …

Insulin acts through the insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase to exert its classical metabolic
and mitogenic actions. Here, using receptors with either short or long deletion of the β …

The expression of CDR1‑AS, a representative circular RNA, is closely linked with poor
prognosis in gastrointestinal cancers, such as colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Although …

Intestinal epithelial damage is associated with most digestive diseases and results in
detrimental effects on nutrient absorption and production of hormones and antimicrobial …

The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling pathway plays a
major role in orchestrating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth and aging. Studies from …

Pentacyclic triterpenoids, including betulinic acid (BA), and their glycosides are abundant in
fruits such as Zizyphus sp., Dillenia sp., and Azanza sp. These compounds exhibit various …

Cytokines are the crucial signaling proteins that mediate the crosstalks between the cells of
tumor microenvironment (TME). Interferon-1 (IFN-1) are the important cytokines that are …

Type I interferons (IFNs) as part of the innate immune system have an outstanding
importance as antiviral defense cytokines that stimulate innate and adaptive immune …

IRF9 is a crucial component in the JAK-STAT pathway. IRF9 interacts with STAT1 and
STAT2 to form IFN-I-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) in response to type I IFN stimulation …