Natural terrestrial radioactivity and cosmic ray ionization lead to the formation of air ions and
charged aerosol particles even away from regions of active charge separation, such as in …

The ice giants Uranus and Neptune are the least understood class of planets in our solar
system but the most frequently observed type of exoplanets. Presumed to have a small rocky …

The latest observation of HL Tau by ALMA revealed spectacular concentric dust rings in its
circumstellar disk. We attempt to explain the multiple ring structure as a consequence of …

We present the results of a new series of nongray calculations of the atmospheres, spectra,
colors, and evolution of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) and brown dwarfs for effective …

A global-mean model of coupled neutral and ion chemistry on Titan has been developed.
Unlike the previous coupled models, the model involves ambipolar diffusion and escape of …

In the context of recent observations, microphysical models, and laboratory data, a
photochemical model of Titan's atmosphere, including updated chemistry focusing on rate …

Cool astrophysical objects, such as (exo) planets, brown dwarfs, or asymptotic giant branch
stars, can be strongly affected by condensation. Condensation not only directly affects the …

The depletion of SO 2 and H 2 O in and above the clouds of Venus (45–65 km) cannot be
explained by known gas-phase chemistry and the observed composition of the atmosphere …

The vertical distribution of Titan's neutral atmosphere compounds is calculated from a new
photochemical model extending from 40 to 1432 km. This model makes use of many …

Simulation results are presented from a new general circulation model (GCM) of Titan, the
Titan Atmospheric Model (TAM), which couples the Flexible Modeling System (FMS) spectral …