Increasing use of the ground as a thermal reservoir is expected in the near future. Shallow
geothermal energy (SGE) systems have proved to be sustainable alternative solutions for …

In this study, the historical and technical development and the current status of distributed
(DTRT) and enhanced (ETRT) thermal response tests (TRT) are reviewed. The different test …

In densely inhabited urban areas, deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHE) have been
proposed to be integrated with the heat pump in order to utilize geothermal energy for …

Direct measurements of gravel thermal properties are usually quite challenging to be
performed in laboratory, due to the very coarse sediments size. As a consequence, the …

In several fields of enquiry such as geothermal energy, geology and agriculture, it is of
interest to study the thermal behaviour of shallow soils. For this, several analytical and …

In vertical closed-loop systems, it is common to use single or double U-tube heat
exchangers separated by longitudinal spacers. In addition, the helical-shaped pipe is …

Heat pumps combined with vertical borehole heat exchangers utilize the ground as a heat
source or sink for the purpose of heating or cooling. The proper dimensioning of the …

A U-pipe ground borehole heat exchanger (BHE) is the most commonly used device for heat
extraction from the ground. The amount of extracted heat depends on two interacting heat …

Soil thermal conductivity (λ s) is a vital parameter for sizing vertical borehole heat exchanger
(VBHE) of ground-source heat pump, which may vary dramatically with the depth. To …

The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is a globally distributed top predator. Due to its
ecological importance and historical declining population trends, data contributing to …