Numerical methods are of great importance in the study of electromagnetic scattering from
random rough surfaces. This review provides an overview of rough surface scattering and …

First, the rough surface scattering problem is formulated from a statistical point of view. Then,
different numerical schemes that permit one to solve Maxwell equations without …

In Holliday et al.(1995, 1996), the iterative forward-backward (FB) method has been
proposed to solve the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for smooth one-dimensional (1 …

The fast multipole method fast Fourier transform (FMM-FFT) method is developed to
compute the scattering of an electromagnetic wave from a two-dimensional (2-D) rough …

Die mobile Funkkommunikation ist einer der Wachstumsmärkte unserer Zeit. Für die
Planung zellularer Mobilfunknetze werden dabei verläßtliche Werkzeuge benötigt, deren …

We used Numerical Maxwell Model in 3-D Simulations (NMM3D) to study the backscattering
coefficients, coherent reflectivities, and emissivities of soil surfaces using Gaussian random …

The characterisation of soil surface roughness is a key requirement for the correct analysis
of radar backscattering behaviour. It is noteworthy that an increase in the number of surface …

Active and passive microwave remote sensing has been used for monitoring the soil
moisture and snow water equivalent. In the interactions of microwaves with bare soil, the …

A numerical study of 14-GHz backscattering from ocean-like surfaces, described by a
Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum, is presented. Surfaces rough in one and two dimensions are …

No surface is perfectly flat at every length scale. However, all natural and man-made
surfaces show some degree of roughness. Therefore, it is imperative to know how surface …