Background The use of cannabis, or marijuana, for medicinal purposes is deeply rooted
though history, dating back to ancient times. It once held a prominent position in the history …

Migraine is a common and complex brain disorder. Although it is clear that head pain is a
key manifestation of the disorder for most patients, what drives the activation of neuronal …

Introduction: The opioid epidemic has become an immense problem in North America, and
despite decades of research on the most effective means to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) …

For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression
upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress …

The importance of the modulation of pain by emotion is now widely recognised. In particular,
stress and anxiety, depending on their nature, duration and intensity, can exert potent, but …

The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor highly expressed throughout
the central nervous system that is a promising target for the treatment of various disorders …

Although endocannabinoids constitute one of the first lines of defense against pain, the
anatomical locus and the precise receptor mechanisms underlying cannabinergic …

The endocannabinoid system, consisting of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB 1 R) and
cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB 2 R), endogenous cannabinoid ligands (endocannabinoids) …

Introduction Cannabis-based medicines have a number of therapeutic indications, including
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The endocannabinoid receptor system, including …

Migraine is a complex disorder of the brain whose mechanisms are only now being
unraveled. It is common, disabling and economically costly. The pain suggests an important …