Metal-containing clusters have attracted increasing attention over the past 2–3 decades.
This intense interest can be attributed to the fact that these discrete metal aggregates, whose …

The four-electron oxidation of water (2H2O→ O2+ 4H++ 4e−) is considered the main
bottleneck in artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is catalysed by a Mn4CaO5 …

Water oxidation is the primary reaction of both natural and artificial photosynthesis.
Developing active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is the key to constructing …

Oxygen evolution and reduction reactions are fundamental processes in biological energy
conversion schemes, which represent an attractive method for artificial energy conversion …

The development of reliable water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is essential for implementing
artificial photosynthesis on a large technological scale. WOC research has evolved into two …

The sharp increase of research passion in the new-generation solar cells in recent years
has resulted in a new trend in combining multiple types of energy devices in a single device …

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are composed of cations and polyanion clusters 1 with structural
diversity, in which the oxometal polyhedra of MOx (x= 5, 6) are the basic construction units …

The development of efficient and sustainable electrochemical systems able to provide clean-
energy fuels and chemicals is one of the main current challenges of materials science and …

1.1 Background Developing efficient energy conversion devices that are in line with the
conservation of the natural environment is a critical challenge for modern society. Fossil …

The sustainable production of clean energy constitutes one of the most important scientific
challenges of the 21st century. Currently, the major part of the global energy supply is …