The paper introduces a new perspective on abstract concepts (eg “freedom”) and their
associate words representation, the Words As social Tools (WAT) view. Traditional theories …

Semantic memory refers to knowledge about people, objects, actions, relations, self, and
culture acquired through experience. The neural systems that store and retrieve this …

Transformer models such as GPT generate human-like language and are predictive of
human brain responses to language. Here, using functional-MRI-measured brain responses …

It is generally assumed that abstract concepts are linguistically coded, in line with imaging
evidence of greater engagement of the left perisylvian language network for abstract than …

Abstract Abstract concepts (“freedom”) differ from concrete ones (“cat”), as they do not have
a bounded, identifiable, and clearly perceivable referent. The way in which abstract …

Although much is known about the representation and processing of concrete concepts,
knowledge of what abstract semantics might be is severely limited. In this article we first …

A number of studies have investigated differences in neural correlates of abstract and
concrete concepts with disagreement across results. A quantitative, coordinate‐based meta …

Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of word imageability and concreteness remain a
topic of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and could provide essential clues for …

Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in two experiments to examine the effects of
concreteness and emotionality on visual word processing. Concrete and abstract words of …

Abstract concepts are traditionally thought to differ from concrete concepts by their lack of
perceptual information, which causes them to be processed more slowly and less accurately …