For the past two decades, behavioural ecologists have documented consistent individual
differences in behavioural traits within species and found evidence for animal “personality” …

Spearman's g is the name for the shared variance across a set of intercorrelating cognitive
tasks. For some—but not all—theorists, g is defined as general intelligence. While g is …

The presence of general intelligence poses a major evolutionary puzzle, which has led to
increased interest in its presence in nonhuman animals. The aim of this review is to critically …

"" Theory about intelligence is more fully developed and more mathematically sophisticated
than for almost any other psychological construct. More is known about the underlying …

Large language models (LLMs) are advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can
perform a variety of tasks commonly found in human intelligence tests, such as defining …

Transparent Cylinder and Barrier tasks are used to purportedly assess inhibitory control in a
variety of animals. However, we suspect that performances on these detour tasks are …

Both absolute and relative brain sizes vary greatly among and within the major vertebrate
lineages. Scientists have long debated how larger brains in primates and hominins translate …

Cognitive sex differences have been reported in several vertebrate species, mostly in spatial
abilities. Here, I review evidence of sex differences in a family of general cognitive functions …

Trait heritability is necessary for evolution by both natural and artificial selection, yet we
know little about the heritability of cognitive traits. Domestic dogs are a valuable study …

In this review, we pose and respond to three questions concerning canine cognition: How
has the history of this field influenced what we currently know about dog cognition? How …