Evidence is provided for a new conceptualization of the connectivity and functions of the
cingulate cortex in emotion, action, and memory. The anterior cingulate cortex receives …

Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is
associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has …

Environmental stimuli and objects, including rewards, are often processed sequentially in
the brain. Recent work suggests that the phasic dopamine reward prediction-error response …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards.
They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more …

People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making
decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) carries a wealth of value-related information
necessary for regulating behavioral flexibility and persistence. It signals error and reward …

Cognitive effort has been implicated in numerous theories regarding normal and aberrant
behavior and the physiological response to engagement with demanding tasks. Yet, despite …

During decision-making, neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sequentially represent the
value of each option in turn, but it is unclear how these dynamics are translated into a choice …