Time and space are tightly linked in the physical word. Recently, several lines of evidence
have suggested that the mental representation of time might be spatial in nature. For …

There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of
abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for …

How do learners make decisions about how, what, and when to study, and why are their
decisions sometimes ineffective for learning? In three studies, learners experienced a pair of …

The present study explored the effects of lecture fluency on students' metacognitive
awareness and regulation. Participants watched one of two short videos of an instructor …

We explore how students allocate their study time—both with regard to which materials they
select to study and how long they study them. A literature review revealed multiple outcomes …

When people make judgments of learning (JOLs) after studying paired associates, the
process they engage in to monitor their learning can directly enhance learning for some …

Metacognition involves the understanding and awareness of one's cognitive processes, and
responsible remembering is the notion that people strategically focus on and remember …

Is self-assessment enough to keep physicians' cognitive skills—such as diagnosis,
treatment, basic biological knowledge, and communicative skills—current? We review the …

Adaptive memory refers to the memory advantage for information processed in a survival
and/or reproduction context while metacognition involves the awareness of what we can …

Even before formal schooling, children map numbers onto space in a directional manner.
The origin of this preliterate spatial–numerical association is still debated. We investigated …