First Published in 2018. The emphasis of the book is calculational, and most computations
are presented in step-by-step detail. The book is unique in that it develops all three …

We calculate the energy spectrum of ac onfining flux tube that is closed around a spatial
torus, as a function of its length l. We do so for various SU (N) gauge theories in 3+ 1 …

We discuss SU (2) gauge theory on a three-torus using a finite volume expansion. Our
discovery of natural coordinates allows us to obtain continuum results in a region where …

We reconsider the tensionless limit on bosonic closed string theory, where the 3D Bondi-
Metzner-Sachs (BMS) algebra appears as symmetries on the world sheet, as opposed to …

A simple model is proposed to describe a gas of free strings at very high energy density,
particularly in connection with a recently discovered phase dominated by macroscopic …

I begin these three lectures by describing some of the useful things that we have learned
about large-N gauge theories using lattice simulations. For example that the theory is …

STRING MODEL WITH DYN'AMICAL GEOMETRY AND TORSt[ON MO, KATANAYEV and IV
VOLOVICH Received !5 Janua~ i986; revgsed man~se6pt r Page 1 Volume 175, number 4 …

We quantize in detail the closed string with vanishing tension, the null closed string. For
Weyl ordering of quantum operators, the spectrum is continuous and there is no critical …

We compare the predictions of the effective string description of confinement with a set of
Montecarlo data for the 3d gauge Ising model at finite temperature. Thanks to a new …

We test numerically the effective string description of the infrared limit of lattice gauge
theories in the confining regime. We consider the 3D Z 2 lattice gauge theory, and we define …