Divergent selection across the landscape can favor the evolution of local adaptation in
populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local adaptation is widely observed in a …

It is increasingly important to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of local
adaptation because of its relevance to climate change, crop and animal production, and …

Contents Summary 669 I. Model clades for the study and integration of ecology and
evolution 670 II. Oaks: an important model clade 671 III. Insights from the history of the …

Adaptation to climate, evolving over contemporary time scales, could facilitate rapid range
expansion across environmental gradients. Here, we examine local adaptation along a …

The role of chromosomal inversions in adaptation and speciation is controversial.
Historically, inversions were thought to contribute to these processes either by directly …

Selection is a central process in nature. Although our understanding of the strength and form
of selection has increased, a general understanding of the temporal dynamics of selection in …

Evolutionary biology has struggled to explain the coexistence of two basic observations:
Genetic variation is found in almost all traits in the presence of strong natural and sexual …

Evolution proceeds unceasingly in all biological populations. It is clear that climate‐driven
evolution has molded plants in deep time and within extant populations. However, it is less …

There are now thousands of estimates of phenotypic selection in natural populations,
resulting in multiple synthetic reviews of these data. Here we consider several major lessons …

This chapter reviews the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of plasticity, and the
costs and limits that constrain the evolution of plasticity. Variable environments tend to select …