Localization is widely used in data assimilation schemes to mitigate the impact of sampling
errors on ensemble-derived background error covariance matrices. Strongly coupled data …

Strongly coupled data assimilation allows observations of one Earth system component (eg,
the ocean) to directly update another component (eg, the atmosphere). The majority of the …

We assess a possibility to efficiently represent the strongly coupled increment in an ocean–
atmosphere coupled data assimilation (DA) system by applying an iterative procedure …

Operational data assimilation systems for coupled atmosphere–ocean prediction are usually
“weakly coupled”, in which there is no explicit interaction between the atmosphere and …

The Maritime Continent (MC), located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, is a critical
region for global weather and climate systems due to its complex geography, intense …

The ongoing transition to coupled data assimilation (DA) systems encounters substantial
technical difficulties associated with the need to merge together different elements of …

The growth of ocean prediction research, capability, applicability, availability, maturity, and
user uptake from an initial idea 25 years ago, while gradual, has been unrelenting. Today's …

Palmer et al.(2008) used “seamless” to refer to predictions across the range of weather and
climate time scales, eg ranging from forecast in days to projections in decades. The WMO, in …

This thesis discusses three different ways in which mathematics and statistics have led to
improved understandings of our climate models. The first two chapters focus on different …