Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) possess antipyretic, analgesic and anti-
inflammatory effects. They are frequently used in children and have numerous therapeutic …

At present, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling has emerged as a major
tool in clinical pharmacology to optimize drug use by designing rational dosage forms and …

The objective of this study was to construct a new in situ gel system based on the
combination of poloxamer 407 and carrageenan (carrageenan–poloxamer 407 hydrogel …

Data on the relationships between plasma concentration and analgesic and anti‐
inflammatory effects of NSAIDs are limited because most inflammation models do not permit …

A randomised, blinded, prospective animal study with 296 male C57BL/6N mice was
performed to evaluate the biomechanical, biomolecular, biochemical, and histological …

We evaluated the effect of ketamine–xylazine–acepromazine anesthesia (31.25, 6.25, and
1.25 mg/kg subcutaneously, respectively) on postsurgical recovery in male Sprague …

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce significant damage to
the small intestine, which is accompanied by changes in intestinal bacteria (dysbiosis) and …

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether caffeine modifies the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of (S)-ketoprofen following oral administration in …

Caffeine is an effective analgesic adjuvant because it increases the antinociceptive effect of
NSAIDs while reducing the probability of side effects. The mechanism by which caffeine …

An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to
measure human plasma concentrations of the analgesic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug …