Lungfishes belong to lobe-fined fish (Sarcopterygii) that, in the Devonian
period,'conquered'the land and ultimately gave rise to all land vertebrates, including …

After amputation, axolotl salamanders can regenerate their limbs, but the degree to which
limb regeneration recapitulates limb development remains unclear. One limitation in …

Although decades of studies have produced a generalized model for tetrapod limb
development, urodeles deviate from anurans and amniotes in at least two key respects: their …

While skeletal evolution has been extensively studied, the evolution of limb muscles and
brachial plexus has received less attention. In this review, we focus on the tempo and mode …

The transformation of paired fins into tetrapod limbs is one of the most intensively scrutinized
events in animal evolution. Early anatomical and embryological datasets identified …

The 5′ Hox genes play crucial roles in limb development and specify regions in the
proximal-distal axis of limbs. However, there is no direct genetic evidence that Hox genes …

The expression and function of hox genes have played a key role in the debate on the
evolution of limbs from fins. As an early branching tetrapod lineage, lissamphibians may …

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES HOXB2 is a new prognostic indicator for lung cancer. But it is
unclear whether HOXB2 holds an effect in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. The purpose of …

In vertebrates, 5ʹ-Hoxd genes (Hoxd9), which are expressed in the hindlimb bud
mesenchyme, participate in limb growth and patterning in early embryonic development. In …

The axolotl, a legendary creature with the potential to regenerate complex body parts, is
positioned as a powerful model organism due to its extraordinary regenerative capabilities …