Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic diseases (CIRD) are at increased risk of
cardiovascular disease (CVD), ascribed not only to classical risk factors, but also to the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic synovial
inlammation leading to joint destruction and bone erosions. Although the pathogenic …

Background and aims Vascular calcification is prevalent in clinical states characterized by
low-grade chronic inflammation, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Calciprotein …

Background and objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death
in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and are not solely explained by the increased …

Abstract Purpose of Review To review the data on the role of endothelial dysfunction and the
impact of hypertension as a potent mediator of cardiovascular disease in patients with …

The increased cardiovascular (CV) risk among patients with autoimmune rheumatic
diseases, such as arthritides and connective tissue diseases, has been extensively …

Background and aims Lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] and interleuking-6 (IL-6), an inflammation
biomarker, have been established as distinct targets of the residual atherosclerotic …

Objectives. RA associates with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and
mortality due to accelerated atherosclerosis, attributed to both classical risk factors and …

Systemic inflammation and disease activity seem to contribute to excessive prevalence of
cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The …

Background/Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with the emergence of
cardiovascular disease, while chronic inflammation is considered a common denominator …