Precipitation of sparingly soluble salts is a common issue in water treatment processes and
oil and gas production systems. Precipitation occurs when incompatible brine mix and …

Scale formation, the deposition of certain minerals such as CaCO3, MgCO3, and CaSO4·
2H2O in industrial facilities and household devices, leads to reduced efficiency or severe …

Large amounts of water are produced during the production of crude oil and natural gas.
This water has to be analyzed to realize the correct geological formation. In this work, an …

A novel anti-fouling epoxy-silicone composite coating containing Ni–Cu–Al alloy powder for
metal pipeline in geothermal water was fabricated based on the basic principles of galvanic …

Abstract In this paper, The Zn 2+ inhibition mechanism on CaCO 3 precipitation was
investigated. It is well established that Zn 2+ delays the precipitation, even at very low …

Abstract On the West Coast of South Africa, there is an abundance of brackish groundwater.
Reverse Osmosis membrane systems are used to make the borehole water fresh …

This study evaluates the inhibition mechanisms of CaCO 3 scaling in reverse osmosis using
Zn++ which has been superficially investigated in RO, with only three papers published. In …

Scale formation in domestic heating appliances is a widespread problem in the UK. Scale
affects the life of energy intensive domestic devices such boilers with a potentially significant …

The present study investigated the influence of depth, pressure and temperature on the
composition and behavior of scale formation along a column in a well that produces oil and …

To inhibit the carbonate and sulfate precipitations of calcium in cooling water systems, a
water-soluble copolymer, acrylic acid-oxalic acid-methallyl methoxy polyethylene glycol-8 …