Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area
of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T …

Together with its dominant immunological and bone remodeling involvement, RRO axis,
comprising of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and …

Brain metastasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple cancer types and
represents an unmet clinical need. The mechanisms that mediate metastatic cancer growth …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system
(CNS) is thought to be caused by the abnormal induction of immune responses …

Background The impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the differentiation and function of
inflammatory cells is well-established. MiRNAs play a crucial role in modulating the …

Treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires stimulation of functional β cell regeneration and
survival under stress. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the RANKL/RANK [receptor …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by massive changes in neuronal
excitation, from acute excitotoxicity to chronic hyper-or hypoexcitability. Nuclear calcium …

Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass per unit
volume, poses a significant global health burden due to its association with heightened …

Abstract The OPG/RANKL/RANK framework, along with its specific receptors, plays a crucial
role in bone remodeling and the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and …

There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VitD) supplementation may reduce
inflammation in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to …