Background Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as
cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been estimated that approximately 3.2 …

Importance It has been estimated that in 2018 nearly 20% of adults in the US were currently
using a tobacco product. Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of …

Níveis de evidência Nível A Dados obtidos a partir de múltiplos estudos randomizados de
bom porte, concordantes e/ou de meta-análise robusta de estudos clínicos randomizados …

Background Understanding links between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and
mechanisms of action (the processes through which they affect behaviour) helps inform the …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through …

Level of evidence Level A Data obtained from multiple concordant large randomized trials
and/or robust meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials Level B Data obtained from less …

Objective The goal of this meta-analysis was to examine whether long-term physical
exercise could be a potential effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) …

Background Tobacco smoking remains one of the few preventable factors associated with
complications in pregnancy, and has serious long‐term implications for women and babies …

Background Tobacco smoking in pregnancy causes serious health problems for the
developing fetus and mother. When used by non‐pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies …

Objectives The primary objectives of these international guidelines were to provide a global
audience of clinicians with (a) a series of evidence-based recommendations for the …