Women are about twice as likely as are men to develop depression during their lifetime. This
Series paper summarises evidence regarding the epidemiology on gender differences in …

Sex hormones have been implicated in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, dendritic
branching, myelination and other important mechanisms of neural plasticity. Here we review …

Recently designated as a disorder in the DSM-5, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
presents an array of avenues for further research. PMDD's profile, characterized by cognitive …

This meta-analysis reviews 208 laboratory studies of acute psychological stressors and tests
a theoretical model delineating conditions capable of eliciting cortisol responses …

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common
disorders of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and are characterized by moderate to …

This chapter provides an overview of neurosteroids, especially their impact on the brain, sex
differences and their therapeutic potentials. Neurosteroids are synthesized within the brain …

Most women of reproductive age have some physical discomfort or dysphoria in the weeks
before menstruation. Symptoms are often mild, but can be severe enough to substantially …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which affects 2%–5% of premenopausal women, was
included in Appendix B of DSM-IV,“Criterion Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study.” …

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a unique subtype of major depressive disorder and a
substantial contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition to affecting the mother …