Introduction The safety of humans in crowded environments has been recognised as an
important and rapidly growing research area with significant implications for urban planning …

Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the
realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study …

To test simulation models of pedestrian flows, we have performed experiments for corridors,
bottleneck areas, and intersections. Our evaluations of video recordings show that the …

When a large set of discrete bodies passes through a bottleneck, the flow may become
intermittent due to the development of clogs that obstruct the constriction. Clogging is …

Many observations of the dynamics of pedestrian crowds, including various self-organization
phenomena, have been successfully described by simple many-particle models. For ethical …

Understanding the collective dynamics of crowd movements during stressful emergency
situations is central to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. Yet, their systematic …

Crowd evacuation of a building has been studied over the last decades. In this paper, seven
methodological approaches for crowd evacuation have been identified. These approaches …

This book discusses the study and analysis of the physical aspects of social systems and
models, inspired by the analogy with familiar models of physical systems and possible …

Here we report a study designed to examine the influence of spatial exploration mode on
people's wayfinding performance during a building fire emergency. Using immersive virtual …

The study of crowd dynamics is interesting because of the various self-organization
phenomena resulting from the interactions of many pedestrians, which may improve or …