▪ Abstract Infection in insects stimulates a complex defensive response. Recognition of
pathogens may be accomplished by plasma or hemocyte proteins that bind specifically to …

Blood development in Drosophila melanogaster shares several interesting features with
hematopoiesis in vertebrates, including spatiotemporal regulation as well as the use of …

Biological insecticides are competing more and more with traditional chemical pesticides. A
successful application of natural pathogens requires a better understanding of both fungal …

We have investigated the blood cell types present in Drosophila at postembryonic stages
and have analysed their modifications during development and under immune conditions …

Classification of insect larvae circulating haemocytes is the subject of controversy, and the
terminology used to designate each cellular type is often different from one species to …

Arthropods have open circulatory systems and must seal wounds and keep bacteria from
entering the hemocoel using efficient clotting systems. Enzymes that crosslink the clot …

A biological issue that has not been satisfactorily resolved is the role of melanin in skin and
other animal tissues. A hypothesis is outlined here to account for the evolution of black skin …

Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism
and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase …

Haemocytes play an essential role in defending invertebrates against pathogens and
parasites that enter their haemocoel. A primary defense response is encapsulation; a …

We have examined the hemocytes of three decapod crustaceans (Homarus americanus,
Panulirus interruptus, and Loxorhynchus grandis) and propose a classification of these cells …