Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first
commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries …

By the end of the 1980s, a broad consensus had developed that there were potential
environmental risks of transgenic plants requiring assessment and that this assessment …

Transgenic maize engineered to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) has become widely adopted in US agriculture. In 2009, Bt maize was …

The use of mixtures of transgenic insecticidal seed and nontransgenic seed to provide an in-
field refuge for susceptible insects in insect-resistance-management (IRM) plans has been …

This comprehensive survey of modern plant breeding traces its history from the earliest
experiments at the dawn of the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century to the present …

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has been a
major pest of corn and other crops in North America since its accidental introduction nearly a …

▪ Abstract The consequences of the invention of DNA-based molecular techniques and their
application to agriculture have been pervasive. This review examines the key consequences …

Southern US growers who plant Bt maize (Zea mays L.) must plant a separate non-Bt refuge
to maintain Bt susceptibility to pests. North Carolina maize growers were surveyed for …

Widespread adoption of Bt crops and persistence of Bt toxins expressed in transgenic plants
could cause rapid evolution of resistance in pests and lead to the loss of the intrinsic …

Advances in biotechnology continue to drive the development of a wide range of insect-
protected, herbicide-tolerant, stress-tolerant, and nutritionally enhanced genetically modified …