It is well known that the full long-term response analysis is recognized as the most accurate
and reliable method for evaluation of the extreme response in the design of ships and …

Several definitions of equivalent ice thickness for simplification of complex ice cover are
found in the literature. However, their systematic analysis is currently absent. Therefore, this …

Merchant vessels often require icebreaker (IB) assistance to create safe pathways and
improve efficiency when navigating in the Baltic Sea. Since IB resources are limited, an …

Abstract Development of effective marine policy necessitates evidence-based, data-driven
evaluations of the effects of regulatory constraints on operations. This is essential to better …

Computational methods for predicting ship speed profile in a complex ice field have
traditionally relied on mechanistic simulations. However, such methods have difficulties …

Shipping in Arctic waters is subject to technical requirements posed by harsh ambient
conditions. Vessels operating in ice-infested waters need reinforced hulls and more …

Practical knowledge about the performance of a ship while navigating in ice is crucial for the
selection of safe and efficient route for a ship. Existing route finding tools estimate ship …

This article presents a discrete event simulation-based approach for assessing the operating
performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS) under different …

Ships operating in ice might be exposed to significant ice loading. Using a probabilistic semi-
empirical method known as the event-maximum method, the long-term maximum level of ice …

Abstract Following the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code),
ships operating in ice-covered polar waters must comply with an appropriate Polar Class …