Enzymes play a key role in almost all biological processes, accelerating a variety of
metabolic reactions as well as controlling energy transduction, the transcription, and …

Enzymes control chemical reactions that are key to life processes, and allow them to take
place on the time scale needed for synchronization between the relevant reaction cycles. In …

Activation of the small guanosine triphosphatase H-Ras by the exchange factor Son of
Sevenless (SOS) is an important hub for signal transduction. Multiple layers of regulation …

The electric field created by a condensed-phase environment is a powerful and convenient
descriptor for intermolecular interactions. Not only does it provide a unifying language to …

Enzymatic reactions and related protein conformational dynamics are complex and
inhomogeneous, playing crucial roles in biological functions. The relationship between …

Elucidating the relationship between the folding landscape of enzymes and their catalytic
power has been one of the challenges of modern enzymology. The present work explores …

A vibration's transition frequency is partly determined by the first-order Stark effect, which
accounts for the electric field experienced by the mode. Using ultrafast infrared pump–probe …

Characterizing the impact of fluctuating enzyme conformation on enzymatic activity is critical
in understanding the structure–function relationship and enzymatic reaction dynamics …

The relationship between protein conformational dynamics and enzymatic reactions has
been a fundamental focus in modern enzymology. Using single-molecule fluorescence …

Electric force microscopy, in which a charged probe oscillates tens to hundreds of
nanometers above a sample surface, provides direct mechanical detection of relaxation in …