Meiosis halves diploid chromosome numbers to haploid levels that are essential for sexual
reproduction in most eukaryotes. Meiotic recombination ensures the formation of bivalents …

Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically
identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species …

Meiotic crossovers (COs) have intriguing patterning properties, including CO interference,
the tendency of COs to be well-spaced along chromosomes, and heterochiasmy, the marked …

The synaptonemal complex is a tripartite proteinaceous ultrastructure that forms between
homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis in the majority of eukaryotes. It is …

Eukaryotic centromeres contain the kinetochore, which connects chromosomes to the
spindle allowing segregation. During meiosis, centromeres are suppressed for inter …

The specialized two-stage meiotic cell division program halves a cell's chromosome
complement in preparation for sexual reproduction. This reduction in ploidy requires that in …

Abstract Background Lichens, encompassing 20,000 known species, are symbioses
between specialized fungi (mycobionts), mostly ascomycetes, and unicellular green algae or …

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination, which
creates genetic diversity and balances homolog segregation. Despite these critical …

Meiosis is a specialized cell division, essential in most reproducing organisms to halve the
number of chromosomes, thereby enabling the restoration of ploidy levels during …

Apomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds where progeny are clones of
the mother plants. Naturally apomictic modes of reproduction are found in hundreds of plant …