The search for endogenous digitalis has led to the isolation of ouabain as well as several
additional cardiotonic steroids of the cardenolide and bufadienolide type from blood …

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in
mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic …

The Na, K-ATPase is the membrane “pump” that generates the Na+ and K+ gradients across
the plasma membrane that drives many physiological processes. This enzyme is highly …

Cardiac glycosides have been used for decades to treat congestive heart failure. The recent
identification of cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain, digoxin, marinobufagenin, and …

The hypothesis of this study is that the sodium pump complex acts as an intracellular signal-
transducing molecule in canine vascular smooth muscle cells through its interaction with …

Digitalis-like compounds (DLC) are a family of steroid hormones synthesized in and
released from the adrenal gland. DLC, the structure of which resembles that of plant cardiac …

In this brief review we discuss some aspects of the Na+ pump and its roles in mediating the
effects of ouabain and endogenous ouabain (EO): i) in regulating the cytosolic Ca 2+ …

A critical question in hypertension research is: How is long-term blood pressure controlled?
Excessive NaCl ingestion or NaCl retention by the kidneys and the consequent tendency …

Na, K-ATPase is a protein ubiquitously expressed in the plasma membrane of all animal
cells and vitally essential for their functions. A specialized functional diversity of the Na, K …

The mechanisms by which digitalis causes its therapeutic and toxic actions have been
studied for nearly a half century, revealing a great deal about cardiac cell regulation of …