Abstract The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global
coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the …

Abstract The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as
an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the …

Cirrus cloud radiative effects are largely affected by ice microphysical properties, including
ice water content (IWC), ice crystal number concentration (Ni) and mean diameter (Di) …

The remoteness and extreme conditions of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic region have
meant that observations in this region are rare, and typically restricted to summertime during …

We have developed in situ and flask sampling systems for airborne measurements of
variations in the O 2/N 2 ratio at the part per million level. We have deployed these …

We analyzed air samples collected on board a C-130 cargo aircraft over the western North
Pacific from May 2012 to March 2020 for atmospheric δ (O 2/N 2) and CO 2 amount fraction …

Aerosols affect cirrus formation and evolution, yet quantification of these effects remain
difficult based on in situ observations due to the complexity of nucleation mechanisms and …

Cloud–radiation interactions over the Southern Ocean are not well constrained in climate
models, in part due to uncertainties in the sources, concentrations, and cloud-forming …

The literature presents different views on how the stratosphere influences variability in
surface nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and on whether that influence is outweighed by surface …

Accurate simulation of atmospheric circulation, particularly in the lower stratosphere, is
challenging due to unresolved wave–mean flow interactions and limited high-resolution …