The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Background COVID-19 is associated with several risk factors such as distinct ethnicities
(genetic ancestry), races, sexes, age, pre-existing comorbidities, smoking, and genetics. The …

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative
agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Eastern Asia (Wuhan …

Vitamin D has many protective properties and potential role against acute lung injury. Low
serum vitamin D is associated with high risk of pneumonia and development of acute …

The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) led to the death of millions of people worldwide and thousands more infected individuals …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious
adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 …

Abstract Background On May 7, 2022, WHO reported a new monkeypox case. By May 2023
over 80,000 cases had been reported worldwide outside previously endemic nations.(This …

A strong association between obesity and COVID-19 complications and a lack of prognostic
factors that explain the unpredictable severity among these patients still exist despite the …

Background Toll-like receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory disease …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), but the pathogenesis is …