The oceans regulate our weather and climate from global to regional scales. They absorb
over 90% of accumulated heat in the climate system (IPCC Citation 2013) and over a quarter …

Data from profiling floats reveal that climate change in the Black Sea leads to the
disappearance of specific water masses. The observed thermohaline change is possibly an …

We show that from 1955 to 2015, the inventory of oxygen in the Black Sea has decreased by
44% and the basin-averaged oxygen penetration depth has decreased from 140 m in 1955 …

The local properties of the cold intermediate layer (CIL) in the Black Sea are examined over
the period 1960–2015 using a 3D numerical model and realistic forcing. The simulations …

Satellite altimetry missions flying over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean have opened the
possibility of further understanding changes in the ocean beneath the sea ice. This requires …

The ocean is a central element of the Earth system and dominates the global water, energy
and carbon cycles (Abram et al. Citation 2019; von Schuckmann et al. Citation 2019) …

We present a new global oxygen atlas. This atlas uses all of the available full water column
profiles of oxygen, salinity, and temperature available as part of the World Ocean Database …

The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a well-known feature of the global ocean.
However, its description and the study of its formation are a challenge, especially in the …

In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and
Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level …

Ecological and ecosystem modellers frequently need to interpolate spatiotemporal
observations of geophysical and environmental parameters over an analysed area …