Abstract Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic
heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties including, for example, a low shear viscosity …

We review key measurements performed by CMS in the context of its heavy ion physics
program, using event samples collected in 2010–2018 with several collision systems and …

This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-
energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum …

Direct photon production at mid-rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN= 2.76 TeV was studied
in the transverse momentum range 0.9< p T< 14 GeV/c. Photons were detected with the …

We review recent progress in the determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of
the proton, with emphasis on the applications for precision phenomenology at the Large …

We report measurements of the primary charged-particle pseudorapidity density and
transverse momentum distributions in p-Pb collisions at s NN= 5.02 TeV and investigate …

Heavy ion collision experiments recreating the quark-gluon plasma that filled the nascent
universe have established that it is a nearly perfect liquid that flows with such minimal …

At the end of 2010, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started operation with heavy-
ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. These …

We review the theoretical and experimental progress in the Glauber model of multiple
nucleon and/or parton scatterings after the last 10–15 years of operation with proton and …

A hot, dense medium called a quark gluon plasma (QGP) is created in ultrarelativistic heavy
ion collisions. Early in the collision, hard parton scatterings generate high momentum …