The dot‐probe task is a common task to assess attentional bias toward different stimuli and
how groups differ (eg, attentional bias in anxiety disorders). However, measuring reaction …

Psychological scientists have recently started to reconsider the importance of close
replications in building a cumulative knowledge base; however, there is no consensus about …

Hippocampal ripples are prominent synchronization events generated by hippocampal
neuronal assemblies. To date, ripples have been primarily associated with navigational …

In the perceptual learning (PL) literature, researchers typically focus on improvements in
accuracy, such as d′. In contrast, researchers who investigate the practice of cognitive …

Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the default mode network (DMN) exhibits antagonistic
activity with dorsal attention (DAN) and salience (SN) networks. Here we use human …

Using a personal computer (PC) for simple visual reaction time testing is advantageous
because of the relatively low hardware cost, user familiarity, and the relative ease of …

There is a great deal of individual variability in outcome in second language learning, the
sources of which are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that individual differences in …

Functional neuroimaging has identified that the temporal, frontal and parietal cortex support
core aspects of speech processing. An objective measure of speech intelligibility based on …

Learning signals during reinforcement learning and cognitive control rely on valenced
reward prediction errors (RPEs) and non-valenced salience prediction errors (PEs) driven …

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the most successful treatment for severe-to-profound deafness
in children. However, speech outcomes with a CI often lag behind those of normally-hearing …