This review recapitulates the concept of the wave-driven residual circulation in the
stratosphere and mesosphere. The residual circulation is defined as the conventional mean …

This study analyzes a new high‐resolution general circulation model with regard to
secondary gravity waves in the mesosphere during austral winter. The model resolves …

We present a new version of the HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model
(HIAMCM) with specified dynamics. We utilize a spectral method that nudges only the large …

We present a new version of the high‐resolution Kühlungsborn Mechanistic general
Circulation Model (KMCM) extended to z∼ 450 km. This model is called HIAMCM (HI …

Abstract The high‐resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with
thermosphere/ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) is used to study the impacts of gravity …

Long-term and continuous observations of mesospheric–lower thermospheric winds are
rare, but they are important to investigate climatological changes at these altitudes on …

One of the atmospheric constituents that can be retrieved from observations by the Sounding
of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the …

This study analyzes a simulation of the Arctic winter 2016–2017 with focus on multi‐step
vertical coupling (MSVC) by primary, secondary, and higher‐order gravity waves (GWs). We …

We have studied the mesospheric response to two recent stratospheric warmings by
performing short‐term forecasts at medium (1.5°) and high (0.5°) spatial resolution under …

The seasonal variation of the wave activity in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere is
investigated using wind measurements with meteor and MF radars at Juliusruh (55° N, 13° …