Phages are the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth and exert specific
effects on bacterial hosts. The coexistence of phages and bacteria in the intestinal tract is …

Bacteria have evolved diverse immunity mechanisms to protect themselves against the
constant onslaught of bacteriophages,–. Similar to how eukaryotic innate immune systems …

We are now entering a new era in protein sequence and structure annotation, with hundreds
of millions of predicted protein structures made available through the AlphaFold database …

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most common clinical pathogens and
a typical multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. With the increase of drug-resistant A …

Viruses compete with each other for limited cellular resources, and some deliver defence
mechanisms that protect the host from competing genetic parasites. The phage …

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are a large group of small genetic modules found in
prokaryotes and their mobile genetic elements. Type II TAs are encoded as bicistronic (two …

Abstract Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (hereafter “Pg”) is an oral pathogen that has
been hypothesized to act as a keystone driver of inflammation and periodontal disease …

Nucleotide second messengers act as intracellular 'secondary'signals that represent
environmental or cellular cues, ie the 'primary'signals. As such, they are linking sensory …

Symbiosis between prokaryotes and microbial eukaryotes (protists) has broadly impacted
both evolution and ecology. Endosymbiosis led to mitochondria and plastids, the latter …

Toxic small alarmone synthetase (toxSAS) enzymes constitute a family of bacterial effectors
present in toxin–antitoxin and secretion systems. toxSASs act through either translation …