Even if anthropogenic warming were constrained to less than 2° C above pre-industrial, the
Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will continue to lose mass this century, with rates similar …

Surface mass balance (SMB) provides mass input to the surface of the Antarctic and
Greenland Ice Sheets and therefore comprises an important control on ice sheet mass …

Abstract The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean warming in the twenty-first century to
less than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to promote further efforts to limit …

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted 1 using
ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Predictions for sea-level rise this century due to melt from Antarctica range from zero to more
than one metre. The highest predictions are driven by the controversial marine ice-cliff …

Understanding the causes of recent catastrophic ice shelf disintegrations is a crucial step
towards improving coupled models of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and predicting its future state …

Atmospheric warming threatens to accelerate the retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet by
increasing surface melting and facilitating 'hydrofracturing',,,,,–, where meltwater flows into …

The future surface mass balance (SMB) will influence the ice dynamics and the contribution
of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) to the sea level rise. Most of recent Antarctic SMB projections …

Warming of the Antarctic Peninsula in the latter half of the twentieth century was greater than
any other terrestrial environment in the Southern Hemisphere, and clear cryospheric and …