With both catalytic and genetic functions, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is perhaps the most
pluripotent chemical species in molecular biology, and its functions are intimately linked to …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

The high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits published in 2000 have revolutionized
the field of protein translation. They facilitated the determination and interpretation of …

Protein synthesis in all organisms is catalyzed by ribosomes. In comparison to their
prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic ribosomes are considerably larger and are subject to …

The efficient, site-specific introduction of unnatural amino acids into proteins in mammalian
cells is an outstanding challenge in realizing the potential of genetic code expansion …

The ribosome selects a correct transfer RNA (tRNA) for each amino acid added to the
polypeptide chain, as directed by messenger RNA. Aminoacyl-tRNA is delivered to the …

Ribosomes, which are central to protein synthesis and convert transcribed mRNAs into
polypeptide chains, have been the focus of structural and biochemical studies for more than …

Our understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis has undergone rapid progress in
recent years as a result of low-resolution X-ray and cryo-EM structures of ribosome …

The faithful and rapid translation of genetic information into peptide sequences is an
indispensable property of the ribosome. The mechanistic understanding of strategies used …

Eukaryotic translation termination is triggered by peptide release factors eRF1 and eRF3.
Whereas eRF1 recognizes all three termination codons and induces hydrolysis of peptidyl …