Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in
natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global …

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response
to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide …

As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones
play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Plant hormones play central roles in plant growth, developmental processes, and plant
response to biotic and abiotic stresses. On the one hand, plant hormones may allocate …

Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their
complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular …

Key message Recent updates in JA biosynthesis, signaling pathways and the crosstalk
between JA and others phytohormones in relation with plant responses to different stresses …

At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic
microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant …

During their lifetime, plants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic stresses with diverse
modes of attack. Phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), jasmonate …

Highlights•Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone with critical roles in PTI, ETI and
SAR.•Induction of SA synthesis is orchestrated via complex transcriptional regulation of …