Abstract Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical widely distributed in the
environment as is extensively used in the plastic industry. DEHP is considered an endocrine …

Pregnancy is a unique period when biological changes can increase sensitivity to chemical
exposures. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via air, food …

Background: Studies emphasize the importance of particulate matter (PM) in the formation of
reactive oxygen species and inflammation. We hypothesized that these processes can …

Background There is evidence that altered DNA methylation is an important epigenetic
mechanism in prenatal programming and that developmental periods are sensitive to …

Parabens have been used in multiple products including personal care products,
pharmaceuticals, and foods for more than 50 years but increasing numbers of studies have …

The placenta guides fetal growth and development. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are
widespread environmental contaminants and endocrine disruptors, and the placental …

Nongenetic, environmental factors contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality through
chemical exposures via air, water, soil, food, and consumer products. Pregnancy represents …

In utero exposure to environmental agents is a critical driver of diseases manifesting in
childhood and adulthood 1, 2, and direct fetal contact with potentially harmful substances is …

Background The immunologic milieu at the maternal–fetal interface has profound effects on
propelling the development of the fetal brain. However, accessible epidemiological studies …

Proper placental development and function relies on hormone receptors and signaling
pathways that make the placenta susceptible to disruption by endocrine disrupting …