Background—The goal of this statement is to review available literature and to put forth a
scientific statement on the current practice of fetal cardiac medicine, including the diagnosis …

Objective Maternal diabetes in pregnancy is associated with structural anomalies of the fetal
heart, as well as hypertrophy and functional impairment. This systematic review and meta …

Structural evaluation of the fetal heart is well established. Functional evaluation using
pulsed-wave Doppler may also be performed. E/A ratios express the relationship between …

Fetal echocardiography was initially used to detect structural anomalies but has more
recently also been proposed to assess fetal cardiac function. This review summarizes …

Background Intrauterine exposure to a diabetic environment is associated with adverse fetal
myocardial remodeling. The aim of this study was to assess the biventricular systolic and …

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current modalities available for the assessment
of fetal cardiac function. The unique anatomy and physiology of the fetal circulation are …

The majority of congenital cardiovascular disease including structural cardiac defects,
abnormalities in cardiac function, and rhythm disturbances can be identified prenatally using …

Objective Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses experience cardiovascular
remodeling that persists into infancy and has been related to cardiovascular outcomes in …

Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging can be used to complement echocardiography
for the evaluation of the fetal heart. Cardiac imaging typically requires gating with peripheral …

Objective To compare the ability of two different methods for longitudinal annular motion
measurement, M‐mode and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), to demonstrate cardiac …